Skip to content
  • (816) 252-2276
  • Contact
  • About
  • Members
  • Join OCTA?
  • Virtual Trail
  • Save the Trail
  • Volunteer Hours Submission
  • Event Form
  • My account
  • 0 items$0.00
Oregon-California Trails Association
  • Discover OCTA
    • Join OCTA
    • Renew Membership
    • Member Publications
    • Donate to OCTA
    • Regional Chapters
    • Trails Legacy Society
    • Emigrant Trails Hall of Fame
    • Video Gallery
  • Regional Chapters
    • Regional Chapters
  • Preservation
    • Preservation Activities
    • Preservation Training
  • Educational Resources
    • Virtual Trail
    • The Oregon, California, Cherokee and Southern Emigrant Trails
    • The Missouri and Kansas Trails
    • Southern Trails
    • Idaho Trails
    • Nevada Trails
    • Wyoming and Utah
    • In Pursuit of a Dream
    • 8th Grade Curriculum
    • People & Stories
      • Trail Stories
      • Emigrant Profiles
      • Articles
    • Trail Facts
    • School Resources
    • OCTA Awards
    • Speakers’ Bureau
  • News & Events
    • Upcoming Events
    • E-News
    • Oregon-California Trails Blog
  • Member Publications
    • Overland Journal
    • Genealogy & Paper Trail
    • News from the Plains
  • OCTA Store
    • Santa Fe NM OCTA Convention Speaker Videos
    • In Pursuit of a Dream (DVD)
    • The Oregon Trail Revisited, by Gregory M. Franzwa
    • Reading, Writing and Riding Along the Oregon-California Trails (An Educational Activity Book), by William E. Hill
    • Bruff’s Wake
  • Genealogy & Paper Trail
  • Donate to OCTA
    • About OCTA
    • Trails Legacy Society
    • Testimonials
OCTA > Protected: Agenda for OCTA Board Meeting – 2.27.21

Protected: Agenda for OCTA Board Meeting – 2.27.21

This content is password protected. To view it please enter your password below:

Related

  • Agenda for OCTA Board Meeting (02-27-21)

Signup for E-News

Facebook

Oregon-California Trails Association

2 hours ago

Oregon-California Trails Association
Here is a lengthy description of disease at Fort Laramie, including several references to incidences of cholera among travelers on the trails. An excerpt: "In the summer of 1852, the number of emigrants crossing the plains from the Missouri to California was very large, and cholera appeared among them from the commencement of their march. About one thousand deaths occurred on the Platte river."This week’s #folafootprints brings us a report on the sickness and mortality experienced on the frontier. Respecting this military station, Captain Stansbury, in the report above cited, gives the following particulars: "Fort Laramie, formerly known as Fort John, was one of the posts established by the American Fur Company for the protection of their trade. Its walls are built in the usual style of such structures, of adobe or unburnt brick. The soil in the vicinity appears to be sterile, owing, no doubt, to the extreme dryness of the air and almost total absence of dews. The great quantity of coarse conglomerate, too, which, by its disintegration, leaves the surface covered with gravel, must operate as a great impediment to cultivation. The rocks, however, contain the elements of fertility, being composed of limestone, clay, and sand; and, with the aid of irrigation, the bottom lands of Laramie creek might be made to produce most abundant crops. Hay is cut, about eight miles up the stream, in quantity sufficient for the wants of the garrison."According to Assistant Surgeon G. K. Wood, the fort is elevated about twenty feet above the plain immediately surrounding it, which is enclosed by hills at a distance of about a mile, except on the north and southwest. The latter direction is occupied by the valley of the Laramie river, through which the wind sweeps almost constantly with great violence ; in summer, raising clouds of dust so dense as to obscure vision for hours; and in winter, the snow, perfectly dry, is similarly raised; and lives are frequently lost on the plains about the post, from the inability of the traveller to discover the direction to pursue. As regards the geographical position of Fort Laramie, it is in latitude 42° 12' 38", longitude 104° 31' 26", as determined by Captain Stansbury. Its altitude, 4,519 feet above the level of the sea. The mean annual temperature is 50°.6, having an extreme range of 123°; rising in summer to 102°, and falling in winter to -21°. The mean annual precipitation is 19.98 inches....The only military stations in this region visited by cholera were Forts Kearny and Laramie. It is well known that in the summer of 1849 the emigrants crossing the western plains suffered with this disease. The garrisons at the above mentioned posts, on the line of emigration, escaped ; but two cases being reported--one at each post. Assistant Surgeon William Hammond, jr., at Fort Kearny, states that the case of cholera, included in his report for the quarter ending June 30th, 1849, was brought to that post. No case originated there. The case included in the report for Fort Laramie, really occurred on the march to that post from Fort Leavenworth.The case of cholera reported in the abstract for the second quarter of 1850, and the thirty cases in the third quarter of that year, occurred at Fort Laramie. Respecting this disease, Surgeon S. P. Moore makes the following remarks, in transmitting his report of sick at that post, for the third quarter of 1850: "The Asiatic cholera, one of the most formidable and destructive pestilences the world has ever known, made its appearance at this post during the past season. I do not intend to give more than a brief sketch of the epidemic, and to trace its progress to this station. In the spring of 1849, the cholera appeared among the emigrants, in their encampments at or near the towns on the frontier, from whence they took their departure for California and Oregon; the prevalence of the disease hastened the departure of many companies, they believing the extensive and healthy prairies would dissipate all traces of the destroyer; but for a time they were mistaken, for cases of cholera continued to occur to within fifty miles of this post. Three soldiers, forming an escort from Fort Kearny, arrived here in July,1849; one was attacked with cholera about the end of the. same month, and another the 1st of August, as will be seen by my quarterly report for that period. These were the only cases at the post This year, the progress of the disease has been somewhat different; it attacked the emigrants after they had left the frontier towns. The disease was prevailing, however, on the Missouri river, and may have prevailed among the emigrants before they took up the line of march for the land of promised riches. The emigrants were healthy when they left; it was after the emigration had been on the route many days that the disease appeared, about the Big Blue, thirty miles from Fort Kearny; from this point to the upper crossing of the Platte river, a distance of about four hundred and seventy miles, the emigrants suffered severely. Beyond the crossing, the disease disappeared. Recruits for this post left Fort Leavenworth last spring, perfectly healthy, and continued so until their road met the one from Independence on one side, and the St. Joseph's on the other, and then they were in the midst of the emigration; on the Big Blue the cholera broke out among the men. This fort is one mile south of the road to California and Oregon, and overrun by the emigration. The first case of cholera was on the 21st of June. From the healthy state of the troops, I had hoped we should escape. It was not so; diarrhoea became quite prevalent, showing some atmospheric influence at work; and on the 4th of July another case occurred; the last case was on the 20th of the same month. Much has been written as to whether this disease is communicated from the sick to the healthy, in the manner of a contagion, or not. From the foregoing short description, it appears to depend upon a peculiar condition of the atmosphere; that all are liable to it, when under its influence, and in this way predisposed to the disease. The cholera was confined to the road, and among the emigrants. Many Indians remained on the road through curiosity, and for the purpose of begging; they paid a terrible penalty. Other bands of Indians, wiser than the above, left the road so soon as they learned there was disease among the whites, and escaped. Of the thirty cases in July, nine only were of the soldiers, who had arrived here the previous year; the other cases were from the recruits just joined, and who had journeyed with the emigration, and consequently were subjected to the cholera atmospheric influence. The hospital at this post is very small; all the patients were sent to it; yet in no instance did it attack those attached to the hospital, or the other patients. The two cases that occurred in July and August, 1849, were alone; the command continued healthy. Not a single case of cholera occurred at the post; but many persons were necessarily exposed, and, if the disease is contagious, it is incredible that so great a number of persons exposed should escape. It appears difficult to account for all the phenomena connected with the spread of this disease, without the existence of another agency than contagion. Many hypotheses have been raised to explain this influence, but they do not rest on facts, and we must admit our ignorance of the nature of this agency. If epidemic influenza is contagious, so is Asiatic cholera."With regard to the meteorological phenomena of the past quarter, there was nothing to be observed. The post was kept in good and strict police; the diet consisting principally of fresh meat and rice. I presume I saw and prescribed for every sick emigrant passing the fort, and many were necessarily left under my charge. Stimulating emetics, in the forming stage, were prescribed with the happiest effect. It is known that active vomiting excites the action of the heart and arteries, and impels the blood from the central vessels to the surface, and should give a healthy impulse to the circulation in this disease. In the stage of collapse, I am disposed to think that the ordinary remedies of the materia medica are not sufficiently powerful; the patient may be considered as lost; the remedy is yet to be discovered; and I have nothing to offer which can elucidate the treatment of this disease. More extensive trials should be given to the inhalation of chloroform and oxygen gas."Respecting this disease, as it prevailed in the vicinity of Fort Laramie in 1852, Assistant Surgeon G. K. Wood makes the following statement: "In the summer of 1852, the number of emigrants crossing the plains from the Missouri to California was very large, and cholera appeared among them from the commencement of their march. About one thousand deaths occurred on the Platte river. The disease, although affecting all classes of the emigrants--those furnished with every possible comfort, as well as the mendicant begging his way to El Dorado--was not in a single instance communicated to those living in the country or returning on the road from California. At Fort Laramie, the military hospital was constantly crowded with the sick; they were lying about the garrison and in tents in the surrounding country; were waited upon by the hospital attendants, visited by the soldiers, and treated by the medical officer on duty. Almost all had the disease severely; nearly all died ; yet, not in a single instance was the disease communicated even to those of the garrison in most immediate contact with the sick."With reference to the diseases of the respiratory system at Fort Laramie, Assistant Surgeon G. K. Wood submits the following remarks : " The climate of those broad and elevated table-lands which skirt the base of the Rocky Mountains on the east, is especially beneficial to persons suffering from pulmonary disease, or with a scrofulous diathesis. This has been known to the French inhabitants of the upper Mississippi and Missouri for many years ; and it has been their custom, since the settlement of that portion of the country, to send the younger members of their families, who showed any tendency to diseases of the lungs, to pass their youth among the trappers of the plains and mountains. The beneficial result of this course, no doubt, depends, in a great measure, upon the mode of life led by these persons--their regular habits, constant exercise in the open air, and the absence of the enervating influences incident to life in cities ; but that more is due to the climate itself, is shown by the fact, that among the troops stationed in this region (whose habits are much the same everywhere), this class of disease is of very rare occurrence. The reports from the line of posts stretching from the upper Platte, through New Mexico, to the Rio Grande, give a smaller proportion of cases of pulmonary disease than those from any other portion of the United States. The air in this region is almost devoid of moisture; there are no sudden changes of temperature; the depressing heats of the eastern summers are never felt; and, although in the north the winters are extremely cold, a stimulant and tonic effect is the only result of exposure in the open air... Scurvy.--This disease manifested itself among the troops at Forts Kearny and Laramie in the first and second quarters of 1849 and 1850. Surgeon S. P. Moore's report for the first quarter of 1850 has the following remarks: "The scurvy has increased to a much greater degree than was anticipated. Thirteen of the cases were very severe, attended by great lassitude; stiffness of the knees and feet; respiration difficult upon the slightest exertion; the countenance exhibiting a pale, sallow, and bloated appearance; maculse first on the legs, then thighs and arms; oedematous swelling of the legs, and extensive anasarcous effusions ; the gums spongy and tender, and apt to bleed on the slightest touch ; the urine turbid and dark colored; the muscular power much prostrated; the blood dissolved. Indurations of the muscles, and severe pain in the thighs, back, and knees, were frequent. In some of the cases, pain in the intestines, and constipation; extensive subcuticular extravasations of blood on the extremities and other parts of the body; passive haemorrhages from the gums and nose, the gums separating from the teeth, and the teeth becoming loose in their sockets. In the fatal case, extreme prostration occurred, with anxious and oppressed respiration, dysenteric discharges, and convulsions. The habitual use of salt and unwholesome food, conjoined with fatiguing labor, were the exciting causes of the disease. In treating the disease, the causes have been removed as much as possible; fresh animal food was given in conjunction with vegetable acid drinks. During convalescence much benefit was derived from tonics, particularly the mineral acids. The solution of nitrate of potash in vinegar, so highly spoken of, failed to produce any beneficial results; on the contrary, it caused pain in the intestines and diarrhoea." In a subsequent report, Surgeon Moore observes that the almost entire exemption of the troops from scurvy is due to the liberal supply of anti-scorbutics furnished by the Subsistence Department.Source: Statistical report on the sickness and mortality in the Army of the United States embracing a period of sixteen years, from January 1839 to January 1855Richard H. CoolidgeWashingtonA.O.P Nicholson1855pp. 76-82. Photo: N-01(841) Hospital Ruins ... See MoreSee Less

Photo

View on Facebook
· Share

Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linked In Share by Email

Oregon-California Trails Association

1 day ago

Oregon-California Trails Association
"It was nothing but a 'dam schwindle' . . ." Here is an incident involving mail theft on the trails near Fort Laramie, and a military postmaster's opinion of it.In 1829, fifteen year-old Leodegar Schnyder immigrated from Switzerland to the United States. In the hard times after the Panic of 1837, he did what many men did during the 19th century's economic downtowns - he enlisted in the US Army. Unlike many of those men - who deserted in huge numbers or stayed for only a single five-year enlistment - Schnyder reupped ten more times. He was finally discharged in 1890, having served 53 years on active duty. For 37 of those years, he was stationed at Fort Laramie - far longer than any officer or enlisted man.As Fort Laramie's ordnance sergeant, Schnyder was responsible for the post's arms, ammunition, and artillery. His organizational acumen also led to decades as postmaster at the fort's bustling post office.He had no time for those who fleeced travelers of their mail and money. As one emigrant wrote:"Near the crossing one of our pilgrims discovered a tent with a sign board daubed in wagon grease, "Post Office." "Letters to the states 50 cents." Two 'Johnnies-come-lately' had set up a tent, cut a slit in a board large enough to pass a silver dollar, laid this across a barrel, into which they dropped half a dollar for each letter delivered. While waiting to have letters checked off and the mail 'made up' a rider mounted on a cayuse pony would ride up in great haste and call for 'mail' saying, 'Can't wait' 'behind time', etc. He had just come out of the river wet to the back. When the bag of mail was handed out he was off to ride furthur down the Platte, dump the mail into the river, turn his pony out and wait for the arrival of the next train of pilgrims. Sergeant Snyder [Schnyder] at Fort Laramie said, "It was nothing but a 'dam schwindle', but dey made a pushel o' money mit it.' " On his passing, one man said, "He was a true soldier, brave, and modest. He was the most painstaking and conscientious man I ever knew."Photo: KKb-19(626) Leodegar Schnyder, c.1888#militarymonday #nationalparkweek #history ... See MoreSee Less

Photo

View on Facebook
· Share

Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linked In Share by Email

Oregon-California Trails Association

1 day ago

Oregon-California Trails Association
For those of you who remember the 1930s-era exhibits at Scotts Bluff National Monument, check out the new exhibits in the visitor center, which has reopened!This #WayBackWednesday we look at the visitor center at Scotts Bluff National Monument and how the exhibits inside have changed over the years. The top photo shows the interior of the visitor center, or Oregon Trail Museum as it was called at the time, back in 1937. This first section of the visitor center complex was opened to the public on July 16, 1935. The bottom photo shows the same room of the now expanded visitor center as it appears in 2021. After a delayed opening due to COVID-19, the visitor center at Scotts Bluff is now open for you to learn about the rich history of the monument and the people who have passed Scotts Bluff on their journeys west. Do you have any special memories of the visitor center at Scotts Bluff National Monument from one of your past visits? #nationalparkweekImage- A combination of two images of the same room. The top image is black and white and shows cases of exhibits. The bottom image is in full color and shows modern, exhibits. NPS/bottom image Eric Grunwald ... See MoreSee Less

Photo

View on Facebook
· Share

Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linked In Share by Email

Oregon-California Trails Association

2 days ago

Oregon-California Trails Association
At the first OCTA Convention in Independence way back in 1983, Professor Harmon Mothershead from Northwest Missouri State University delivered the paper "River Town Rivalry for the Overland Trade," which was also published in the Summer 2018 issue of the Overland Journal. Today's "This Day in History" post comes from that article, as Dr. Mothershead quotes from numerous newspaper articles and emigrant diaries from the era. Today's quote comes from the St. Joseph Gazette of April 20, 1849. An excerpt from Dr. Mothershead's article:"April 1849 was the gathering time, and St. Joseph was the gathering place. A company of 250 California-bound emigrants arrived by steamer about the first of April. They brought with them “some 70 wagons, between 80 and 90 head of mules, and nearly 100 tons of merchandise,” and were as well organized and equipped as possible. There were “congregated thousands” in the town outfitting and organizing prior to the departure for California. Even the rains of the previous week could not dampen the spirit or slow the pace of preparation. Seven steamers crowded with emigrants, oxen, mules, wagons and equipment arrived in the week of April 6 to 13. A large number of persons were reported “coming across by land from the Mississippi river, besides considerable numbers of oxen and mules purchased there for the use of the emigrants who are not here and who are to arrive.”"A number of companies had already left by the middle of the month, but every new boat that arrived was “crowded with California emigrants.” Many had been “most grossly imposed upon in St. Louis and other places, by false representation made to them in relation to the prices of supplies in this place. The majority of the emigrants, from statements made to them in St. Louis, purchased the principal portions of their outfit there.” The St. Joseph Gazette of April 20, 1849 notified its readers that the emigrants could have bought their supplies up to ten percent cheaper in St. Joseph and also saved the cost of transport. The weekly review of markets in St. Joseph and St. Louis would seem to indicate some truth to the statement. All the Gazette desired was for the “emigrants to satisfy themselves fully upon this subject,” so that, in the future, they could be wary of “tales circulated by interested speculators.”OCTA members can download the Summer 2018 issue of the Overland Journal for free at https://www.octa-journals.org/category/overland-journals.It can also be purchased for $5 at https://octa-trails.org/product/overland-journal-37-2-summer-2019-2/. ... See MoreSee Less

Message Page

Photo

View on Facebook
· Share

Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linked In Share by Email

Oregon-California Trails Association

3 days ago

Oregon-California Trails Association
Typhoid and cholera were well-known amongst trail travelers. Watch the video here to see the connection between these deadly diseases and the three presidents elected in the 1840s. ... See MoreSee Less

Scientists have linked the deaths of three US presidents to the same surprising cause

www.businessinsider.com

VIDEO: It wasn't safe to live in the White House in the mid-19th century.
View on Facebook
· Share

Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linked In Share by Email

Oregon-California Trails Association

3 days ago

Oregon-California Trails Association
Today in history, April 19, 1849, William Beauclerc Otway was in Independence, Missouri. It is not known when Otway arrived, but by April 19 he and the other members of the Western Mining Company of Cincinnati, Ohio were encamped at Independence and "ready to move." According to Otway's journal, the company was "a joint stock company, with ample provisions, &c., for nine months service....mostly composed of mechanics, who carry with them their tools, and complete running gear for a saw mill. Of the large number emigrating, very few have taken similar precautions...."Otway would eventually set up and operate the first steam-powered quartz-crushing mill in Ballarat, Australia. An American, he arrived in Victoria in December 1853 with his wife Rebecca. In one newspaper article, he is described as having "crossed the rocky mountains three times." Evidence can be found of one crossing, undertaken in 1849.Otway travelled from Ohio to California with the Western Mining Company of Cincinnati who were praised by the St Louis Republican correspondent for their preparedness, including equipping themselves with the "complete running gear for a saw mill." They set out from Independence, Missouri somewhat late in the season, on or about 17-18 May 1849. Like many of the overland emigrants, they brought with them more than they could carry, and on 18 July they threw away the saw mill.Otway's company split several times to make the travelling easier and, on one occasion, because of arguments. By August, they were travelling in small groups with one wagon each. It appears Otway may have been his group’s leader.On 20 September, they inadvertently took Lassen's Cut-off, a branch of the trail which would become known as the "death route." Fortunately, they, and the other late arrivals, were rescued by the US military in the Sierra Nevada mountains. See the website of the Federation University of Australia for the rest of Otway's story. ... See MoreSee Less

Dr Otway's journey across the Rocky Mountains - Ballarat and District Industrial Heritage Project

bih.federation.edu.au

William Beauclerc Otway set up and operated the first steam-powered quartz-crushing mill in Ballarat.[Notes 1] An American, he arrived in Victoria in December 1853 with his wife Rebecca.[2] In one new...
View on Facebook
· Share

Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linked In Share by Email

Oregon-California Trails Association

4 days ago

Oregon-California Trails Association
This week - April 18 through April 24, 2021 - is National Volunteer Week! THANK YOU to all OCTA volunteers who provide time and talent to protecting and sharing trails-related sites and stories! Here is just a sample of recent OCTA activities and gatherings across the trails. We look forward to seeing all of you engaged in volunteer activities on the trails post-pandemic! ... See MoreSee Less

Photo

View on Facebook
· Share

Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linked In Share by Email

Oregon-California Trails Association

4 days ago

Oregon-California Trails Association
This week - April 18 through April 24, 2021 - is National Volunteer Week! THANK YOU to all OCTA volunteers who provide time and talent to protecting and sharing trails-related sites and stories!Today let’s kick off National Volunteer Week with a big thanks to all our past, present, and future volunteers! We rely heavily on our volunteers for so much and without them it’s hard to imagine what Scotts Bluff National Monument would look like. Volunteers have helped us in so many ways; everything from keeping the Monument beautiful by organizing cleanups, being our eyes and ears on the trails, staffing our front desk and entrance station, doing a variety of maintenance work, and much much more. Come join our team of excellent volunteers and help out your local parks today!#NPSVolunteer #NVW #FindYourParkimage of volunteers at the monument. NPS photo ... See MoreSee Less

Photo

View on Facebook
· Share

Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linked In Share by Email

Oregon-California Trails Association

5 days ago

Oregon-California Trails Association
Today in history, April 17, 1849, 24-year-old Matthew Deady departed Ft. Leavenworth in the company of a United States Army regiment bound for Fort Vancouver. Taking the Oregon Trail, he arrived where Portland, Oregon, now stands on November 14, 1849. He would go on to serve on the Oregon Supreme Court from 1853 to 1859, at which time he was appointed to the newly created federal court of the state. He served as a U.S. District Judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon in Portland as the sole Judge until his death in 1893. While on the court, he presided over the trial that led to the United States Supreme Court decision of "Pennoyer v. Neff" concerning personal jurisdiction.To learn more, read "Pharisee Among Philistines: The Diary of Judge Matthew P. Deady, 1871-1892." ... See MoreSee Less

Photo

View on Facebook
· Share

Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linked In Share by Email

Oregon-California Trails Association

6 days ago

Oregon-California Trails Association
OCTA's newest YouTube Channel offering on the Butterfield Overland Stage and the Southern Route Through Arizona debuted today. Join OCTA experts, college professors, professional historians, and Bureau of Land Management archaeologists as we explore this rugged route across the deserts and mountains of southern Arizona. Be sure to subscribe to our channel so that you get instant alerts the second our videos go live. Once we reach 1,000 subscribers, YouTube will share with OCTA the ad revenue generated by our channel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WVQI2wjO9U&t=11sStay tuned every Friday as we continue to roll out all of the videos we filmed over the past year. Our schedule of release is as follows:Friday, April 23: St. Joseph, Missouri: King of the TrailsFriday, April 30: The Oatman Massacre and the Girl with the Blue TattooFriday, May 7: Painted Rock Petroglyph SiteFriday, May 14: Butterfield Pass and the Maricopa Mountains ... See MoreSee Less

Butterfield Overland Stage and the Southern Route Through Arizona

www.youtube.com

The Oregon-California Trails Association (a non-profit, 501 (C) (3) association) is the nation’s largest and most influential organization dedicated to the p...

Video

View on Facebook
· Share

Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linked In Share by Email

Featured Products

  • Bruff's Wake: J. Goldsborough Bruff & the California Gold Rush, by H. L James Bruff's Wake: J. Goldsborough Bruff & the California Gold Rush, by H. L James $24.95
  • The Oregon Trail Revisited, by Gregory M. Franzwa The Oregon Trail Revisited, by Gregory M. Franzwa $24.95
  • In Pursuit of a Dream (DVD) In Pursuit of a Dream (DVD) $20.00
  • Reading, Writing and Riding Along the Oregon-California Trails (An Educational Activity Book), by William E. Hill Reading, Writing and Riding Along the Oregon-California Trails (An Educational Activity Book), by William E. Hill $8.95

Location

524 South Osage St
Independence, MO 64051

Mailing

P.O. Box 1019
Independence, MO 64051

Phone

(816) 252-2276 Local
(816) 836-0989 Fax

Learn

  • People & Stories
  • Emigrant Trails Hall of Fame
  • Trail Facts
  • School Resources
  • OCTA Awards

Connect

  • Member Publications
  • Regional Chapters
  • Speakers’ Bureau

Preserve

  • Preservation Activities
  • Preservation Training
  • Family History Research
  • Join OCTA
  • Trails Legacy Society
  • Privacy Policy

Our affiliated organizations & supporters

Follow OCTA on Social Media

© 2018 Oregon-California Trails Association (OCTA). All rights reserved. The materials provided on this site are for informational purposes only and OCTA shall not be liable for errors or omissions.
Proudly powered by WordPress | Education Hub by WEN Themes